2016考研英語：快速識別一般獨立主格形式

　　摘要：“獨立主格結構”是一個比較高級的語法結構，也是考研英語閱讀中比較難的語法點。小編整理了獨立主格結構的識別和句法功能的資料，大家趕緊來學習吧！

　　獨立主格結構由名詞或代詞作為邏輯主語，加上分詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞不定式或介詞短語作為邏輯謂語構成，這種形式可以使語言更為簡潔。不過，這種結構在形式上與主句沒有關系，在句中的功能就相當于一個帶有自己主語的狀語從句。其實，雖然叫做獨立主格結構，并不是真正的獨立，它還是一種從屬分句，在句中有多種作用。如：表原因、表條件、表補充、表伴隨、表時間等，在句中通常起狀語作用。

　　?常見的形式
　　在句子形式上，有以下幾種：
　　1.n/代詞+分詞 （-ing 、-ed）形式；
　　在句中，名詞/主格代詞與現在分詞之間是主動關系。如：
　　The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say.
　　如果是名詞/主格代詞+過去分詞，那么名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是被動關系。如：
　　The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.
　　2.n/代詞 +不定式；
　　名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主動關系，且強調的是一次具體性的動作。如：
　　They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. （=They said good-bye to each other, and then one went home, and the other went to the bookstore.)
　　3.n/代詞+介詞短語；
　　如：Mary was sitting near the fire,her back towards the door. (=Mary was sitting near the fire, and her back was towards the door.)
　　4.n/代詞+形容詞；
　　如：An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive.(=An air accident happened to the plane, and nobody was alive.)
　　5.n/代詞+副詞；
　　如：He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. (=He put on his sweater, and the wrong side was out.)
　　6.n/代詞+名詞
　　如：Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.(=Two hundred people died in the accident,and many of them were children.)

　　?語法功能
　　以上就是獨立主格結構常見的幾種形式，下面我們來看一下獨立主格結構在句子中的語法功能--表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨或是補充說明情況等。
　　一、表示時間
　　The meeting being over, all of us went home. （=When the meeting was over, all of us went home.) 開完會后我們都回家了。
　　二、表示條件
　　The condition being favorable, he may succeed. (=If the condition is favorable, he may succeed.)若條件有利，他或許能成功。
　　三、表示原因
　　There being no taxis, we had to walk. (Because there was no taxis, we had to walk.)沒有出租車，我們只好步行。
　　四、表示伴隨情況
　　Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all. (Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)幾乎所有的金屬都是良導體，而銀則是最好的導體。
　　五．表示補充說明
　　We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.(=We redoubled our efforts, and each man works like two.) 我們加倍努力，一個人干兩個人的活。

　　以上就是獨立主格結構常見的幾種形式以及所具有的句法功能，希望本文對獨立主格結構的講解能夠幫助大家在考研英語閱讀中快速識別這一語法現象，并弄清它在句中的語法功能，從而正確理解和翻譯文章。

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