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英語閱讀例證題方法講解

  【摘要】英語閱讀是整體試卷分?jǐn)?shù)最重的部分,也是讓很多考生很“憂愁”的題型之一。下面小編就為同學(xué)們總結(jié)一下閱讀中例證題解題方法。

 

 

  一、判斷題型
 

  通過對(duì)考研英語閱讀文章題干的觀察分類例證題題干特點(diǎn)如下,當(dāng)題干中出現(xiàn)example,demonstrate,illustrate,case,story,即可判斷該題干為例證題,見歷年真題題干如下:
 

  1. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____.
 

  2. George Washington's dental surgery in mentioned to____.
 

  3. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
 

  4. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce____.
 

  二、方法
 

  通過對(duì)歷年真題的分析,例證題的考察主要考察的是論點(diǎn)論據(jù)的區(qū)分,即找出例子論證的論點(diǎn)。例證題可細(xì)分為兩種類型,例子在文首,例子在文中。例 子在文首時(shí),多為了引出文章主題,主題通常緊隨例子后面;例子在文中時(shí),多為剛剛陳述一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),接著舉例論證的情況,所以觀點(diǎn)多數(shù)情況緊隨例子前面。
 

  例子在文首見歷年真題題干如下:
 

  1.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.
 

  [A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
 

  [B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
 

  [C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
 

  [D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
 

  例子出現(xiàn)在文章首段,用過去式陳述過去發(fā)生在大型肉食動(dòng)物身上的事情,一段末通過now這個(gè)時(shí)間指示副詞和文章開頭的arrived之間的對(duì)比,提出文章主題,Now something similar could be happening in the oceans。正確答案為最后首段末句的同義替換,C。
 

  2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
 

  [A] stress the importance of professional training.
 

  [B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
 

  [C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
 

  [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
 

  一段通過一個(gè)現(xiàn)象的敘述,引出二段首的觀點(diǎn),此篇文章,主旨句特點(diǎn)比較明顯,為段首的問句,問題的答案即為主旨,what might account for this strange phenomenon?
 

  三、錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)
 

  通過對(duì)真題的分析,例證題錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特征多為就事論事,混淆論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。見真題如下:
 

  1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.
 

  [A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment(文中一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié),不可概括主題)
 

  [B] small species survived as large animals disappeared(文中一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié),不可概括主題)
 

  [C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
 

  [D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones(與文中一段三句相矛盾,屬于一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié)上的反向干擾。)
 

  綜合分析其它三個(gè)干擾選項(xiàng)特征其實(shí)一句話概括,即題干問為什么舉例,而干擾選項(xiàng)在說這個(gè)例子本身——就事論事,混淆論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。
 

  2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____.
 

  [A] stress the importance of professional training.
 

  (球員出生現(xiàn)象不能夠直接強(qiáng)調(diào)職業(yè)訓(xùn)練的重要性,此處通過球員出生的例子在沒有論證的情況下,還不能得出結(jié)論,即天才是后天造就的,文章的論證 是下面的邏輯順序:球員出生現(xiàn)象的引子——原因的猜測(cè):某些星相學(xué)玄學(xué)原因?——接著通過埃里克森的實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論:天才是后天造就。該選項(xiàng)跳躍性太強(qiáng),出 現(xiàn)了邏輯斷層。)
 

  [B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
 

  (例證為了引出主題:二段首,卓越的原因,而不是討論球員本身,選項(xiàng)B非作者意圖。)
 

  [C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
 

  [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
 

  (文章中說的是球員,不是球隊(duì),屬于一段例子中的細(xì)節(jié)上的偷換概念。)
 

  通過對(duì)干擾選項(xiàng)的觀察,B、D兩個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)都是就事論事,討論例子本身,非作者意圖,沒有分清論點(diǎn)論據(jù)。
 

    一對(duì)一專業(yè)課,雙十二約惠學(xué)長(zhǎng)。

 ?。ㄎ沂菍?shí)習(xí)小編崔譯文,這是證明自己的時(shí)刻,祝大家考研成功?。?/p>

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