摘要:由于英漢文化存在許多差異,因此英語(yǔ)中某些文化詞語(yǔ)在漢語(yǔ)中根本就沒有對(duì)等詞,形成了詞義上的空缺。在這種情況下,英譯漢時(shí)常常要采用
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摘要:由于英漢文化存在許多差異,因此英語(yǔ)中某些文化詞語(yǔ)在漢語(yǔ)中根本就沒有對(duì)等詞,形成了詞義上的空缺。在這種情況下,英譯漢時(shí)常常要采用加注法來(lái)彌補(bǔ)空缺。加注通常可以用來(lái)補(bǔ)充諸如背景材料、詞語(yǔ)起源等相關(guān)信息,便于讀者理解。加注法可分為音譯加注和直譯加注兩種。以下是直譯加注的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
(1)It was Friday *and soon they'd go out and get drunk.
星期五發(fā)薪日到了,他們馬上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。
*星期五[Friday]為英國(guó)的發(fā)薪日。如不解釋,譯入語(yǔ)讀者就不會(huì)明白英國(guó)人為什么要在這一天上街去大吃大喝。
(2)While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr.Alistair Cooke's excellent article.
我想給阿利斯太爾·庫(kù)克先生的杰作稍加幾筆,盡管這也許是為百合花上色,費(fèi)力不討好。
*在西方人眼里,百合花是高貴、貞潔、美麗的象征,故為百合花上色自然是做徒勞無(wú)益之事。
(3) Even before they were acquainted, he had admired Osborn in secret. Now he was his valet, his dog, his man Friday.
他沒有認(rèn)識(shí)奧斯本之前,已經(jīng)暗暗佩服他。如今便成了他的聽差,他的狗,他的忠仆星期五*.
*星期五(Friday)是《魯濱遜漂流記》故事中Robinson Crusoe的忠實(shí)奴仆。
(4)The man who waters his grass after a good rain is carrying coals to Newcastle.
剛下一場(chǎng)及時(shí)雨,那人卻又為草坪澆水,真是把煤運(yùn)到紐卡斯?fàn)枺啻艘慌e。
*紐卡斯?fàn)枺河?guó)煤都。
(5)I am as poor as Job, my lord, but not so patient.
我象約伯一樣窮的,大人,可是卻沒有他那樣的好耐心。
*在《圣經(jīng)》中,約伯以忍耐貧窮著稱。
(6) "Oh! Tell us about her. Auntie," cried imogen. " I can just remember her. She's the skeleton in the family cupboard, isn't she?"
"哦,給我們講一講她的事兒吧,好姑姑,"伊莫根嚷嚷道,"我?guī)缀跤洸坏盟耍窃蹅兗乙聶焕锏镊俭t,丑得見不得人,是嗎?"
(7) The May-day dance, for instance, was to be discerned on the afternoon under notice,in the disguise of the club revel, or "club-walking" as it was there called.
譬如現(xiàn)在所講的那個(gè)下午里,就可以看出五朔節(jié)舞*舊風(fēng)以聯(lián)歡會(huì)(或者像本地的叫法-游行會(huì))的形式出現(xiàn)。
*五朔節(jié)舞:英國(guó)風(fēng)俗,五月一日奏樂(lè)吹號(hào),采取樹枝、野花、裝飾門窗,在草地上豎起五朔柱,圍柱跳舞,并選舉五朔后。此風(fēng)古時(shí)極盛,現(xiàn)在窮鄉(xiāng)僻壤依然可見。
(8) The question she flunked on was: "What is the Constitution of the United States?" The answer she gave was: "A boat."
她答錯(cuò)的一道題是:"美國(guó)憲法*是什么? 她的回答卻是"一條船。"
*the Constitution of the United States指美國(guó)憲法,但它也是美國(guó)歷史上著名戰(zhàn)艦"憲法號(hào)"的英文名字。
(9) 'When we alighted at this door, a dispute arose with the driver of the cabriolet-'. A loud scream from his wife, at the mention of this word, rendered all further explanation inaudible.
"我們?cè)陂T口下車的時(shí)候,跟那單馬雙輪車*車夫發(fā)生了一點(diǎn)爭(zhēng)執(zhí),"說(shuō)到單馬雙輪車的時(shí)候,他的妻子發(fā)出了一聲又高又尖的叫喚,使得下面的解釋都聽不見了。
*單馬雙輪車是出租馬車?yán)?quot;最沒有派頭"的,所以說(shuō)不得。(譯文在此采用腳注,解釋了為什么一聽到cabriolet,他的妻子就會(huì)發(fā)出一聲尖叫。在19世紀(jì)的英國(guó),只有地位低賤的人才會(huì)坐這種馬車。在這兒,丈夫不慎說(shuō)漏了嘴,愛好虛榮的妻子覺得蒙受了恥辱。)
(10)All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our life-time on the planet.
所有這一切都不會(huì)在第一個(gè)一百天*內(nèi)完成,也不會(huì)在第一個(gè)一千天內(nèi)完成,不會(huì)在本屆政府內(nèi)完成,甚至也不會(huì)在我們這一輩子完成。
*原指美國(guó)總統(tǒng)福蘭克林·羅斯福執(zhí)政后推行"新政"的第一個(gè)一百天。
(11) At all events the war has done one good thing for us. It's smashed up the power of the aristocracy.The Boer War started it, and 1914 put the lid on.
不管怎樣,戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)還是為我們做了一件好事,就是把貴族勢(shì)力一掃而光。布爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開始對(duì)它有所觸動(dòng),而1914年的世界大戰(zhàn)終于使它蕩然無(wú)存。
*布爾戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng):1899-1902年英國(guó)人與布爾人之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
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