考研英語：閱讀中態(tài)度題的解題技巧

　　摘要：考研英語中，閱讀理解都會考到觀點態(tài)度題。這類題型主要考查的是對作者的意圖、觀點或態(tài)度的理解和把握，考研英語試卷對這一部分的考查主要表現(xiàn)為情感態(tài)度題，接下來就為大家說說這類題型要如何解答。

　　這種題型經(jīng)常以問作者對某事是什么態(tài)度的形式出現(xiàn)，一般有以下主觀感覺：主觀(subjective)還是客觀(objective)；肯定(positive)還是否定(negative)；贊成(approval)還是反對(opposition)等等。這就要求大家要把握作者寫該篇文章的目的，明白作者對文章所論述的觀點和中心所持的態(tài)度。

　　一般來說，很多小伙伴都會覺得這種題目難度較大，迷惑性也較強，主要原因是命題專家針對的是整篇文章來設(shè)問，這樣就使得我們很難找到具體對應(yīng)的語言點，所以把握整篇文章就很重要了。

　　例如作者在談一件事時是用反諷的口氣，還是贊成的語氣，此類題所給的答案選項一般是四個形容詞，我們應(yīng)在審題時就把握好這四個形容詞所表達的意思，然后返回文章去尋找信息。

　　特別提醒大家要牢記所遇到的構(gòu)成作者態(tài)度題選項的每一個形容詞，做這類題時，萬不可把自己的態(tài)度揉進文章中，同時要注意區(qū)分作者本人的態(tài)度與作者引用的觀點態(tài)度。

　　理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度是近幾年考試的熱點題目，在做此類題時要把握這樣的判斷原則：既縱觀全文，掌握主題思想有要注意文章的措辭，把握文章的基調(diào)或主旨(tenor)，又要分清文章的話語范圍(field)及話語方式(mode)。解題的關(guān)鍵是要看作者在文中用了什么樣的口氣。若用褒義詞，顯然是贊成；若用貶義詞，顯然是反對；若是客觀陳述，則是中性的立場，不偏不倚。
　　注意：作者態(tài)度常常在轉(zhuǎn)折詞后表明出來，因此but一詞至關(guān)重要(還有類似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等)。

　　dissatisfaction,它們作為標(biāo)記語反映出作者對某個現(xiàn)象采取的姿態(tài)，并從情感的角度評價該現(xiàn)象。因此，既要依靠文章的中心思想作為前提，又要注意作者的措辭，尤其是作為修飾語的形容詞。
　　大家在平時的單詞理解中要結(jié)合不同的語境，不同的文章體裁，綜合地認知寓意，才能透徹地理解作者的意圖。

　　另外，判斷作者情感態(tài)度除了關(guān)注作者的措辭，還要可以通過關(guān)注作者的舉例角度和講解角度，來判斷文章作者的態(tài)度傾向：如果作者的一直論述某事物的積極地向上 的方面，其態(tài)度基本上是積極樂觀的如果作者舉例論證某觀點時，給的例子是正面的，那么我們同樣可以判斷作者的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的如果作者的論述有好有壞，舉例有正面有反面，我們基本上可以判斷作者的態(tài)度是客觀的。同樣，我們通過具體的真題案例進一步解釋這一點。

　　最后，我們以1997年第54題為例進行實例分析:
　　It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates,Australia’s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group’s on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn’t just something that happened inAustralia. It’s world history.”

　　The full import may take a while to sink in.The NT Rights of the Terminally III law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. InAustralia-- where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part -- other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In theUSandCanada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

　　Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death -- probably by a deadly injection or pill -- to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I’m not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I’d go, because I’ve watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks,” he says.

　　54、 The author’s attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.
　　[A] opposition
　　[B] suspicion
　　[C] approval
　　[D] indifference
　　我們通過閱讀該文，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)文章首段記述了安樂死法案通過以及當(dāng)時在全球引起的反響，首段作者使用“it is world history”， 來表達他對該事件的態(tài)度，認為它意義重大緊接著在第二段，作者首先討論世人對此態(tài)度不一，但是作者通過轉(zhuǎn)折，指出這個潮流不太可能被逆轉(zhuǎn)了。第三段，作者用一個肺癌病人為例，該病人認為安樂死法案的通過意味著自己可以平靜地度過最后的時光，不用擔(dān)心臨死前要遭受的折磨。很明顯這個事例是認識安樂死法案的通過是一件好事。那么文章就作者的態(tài)度命題，答案肯定是approval。

　?。▽嵙?xí)編輯：劉明忠）