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考研語(yǔ)法詳解:賓語(yǔ)從句篇

  摘要:三大從句的詳解系列已經(jīng)到了尾聲。除了前期為大家說(shuō)過(guò)定語(yǔ)從句以及狀語(yǔ)從句的用法。希望大家能夠有效的掌握,并且融會(huì)貫通。語(yǔ)法是保證你能夠理解和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)這一門(mén)語(yǔ)言最關(guān)鍵的因素,大家一定要重視起來(lái)。

  ?賓語(yǔ)從句定義及分類(lèi)

  在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句分為:動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)從句,介詞賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞賓語(yǔ)從句。

  ?賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞

  賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主要分為:從屬連詞、連接代詞、連接副詞。

  1. 從屬連詞

  連接賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that, if, whether。

  1)從句為陳述句,常選擇連接詞that或?qū)hat省略,直接與主句相連。 例如:

  He told me (that)he would go to college the next year.

  他告訴我他明年上大學(xué)。

  2)從句為一般疑問(wèn)句,常選擇連接詞if或whether。在 whether … or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。whether...or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如:

  I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.

  我不知道是否還會(huì)有公交車(chē)。

  Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam or not.

  沒(méi)有人知道他是否會(huì)通過(guò)考試。

  2. 連接代詞

  連接代詞主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述。例如:

  Do you know who has won Red Alert game?

  你知道是誰(shuí)贏得了紅色警戒的游戲么?

  The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.

  這本書(shū)會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么。

  Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?

  你決定好是買(mǎi)諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?

  3. 連接副詞

  連接副詞主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等。例如:

  He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.

  他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面。

  Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?

  你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤(pán)嗎?

  None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

  沒(méi)有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買(mǎi)到。

  ?在句中的位置

  1.動(dòng)詞后面。

  By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioral” ads at those most likely to buy.

  企業(yè)通過(guò)觀察人們搜索、瀏覽的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)上發(fā)表的言論,可以對(duì)那些潛在消費(fèi)群體投射行為廣告。

  2.介詞后面。

  The new book is about how we could be happier in our daily life.

  這本新書(shū)是關(guān)于我們?cè)谌粘I钪腥绾文芨腋5摹?br />
  3.形容詞后面

  常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有:sorry, happy, glad, satisfied, surprised, afraid, certain, sure等。

  I am sorry that I could not attend the meeting this afternoon.

  很抱歉,我無(wú)法參加今天下午的會(huì)議了。

  ?賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

  1. 當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般不受主句的時(shí)態(tài)所影響。例如:

  He wants to know what I can cook for dinner.

  who broke the window yesterday.

  when I will have a holiday.

  where I should have dinner with my friend tonight.

  which book is the best one.

  if (whether) I have passed the exam.

  2. 當(dāng)主句為過(guò)去時(shí):

  1)從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。例如:

  I only knew he was studying in a western country, but I didn’t know what country he was in.

  我只知道他當(dāng)時(shí)在西方的一個(gè)國(guó)家讀書(shū),但不知道是哪個(gè)國(guó)家。

  He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.

  他問(wèn)我他進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候我是否正在讀《老人與海》。

  2)從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。例如:

  He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.

  他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會(huì)議的事情告訴了瑪麗。

  3)從句用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后。例如:

  The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do. 記者問(wèn)政府是否會(huì)采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂。

  4)如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理,那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化。例句:

  The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.

  老師昨天說(shuō)月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。

  5)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who, which, what, when, where, how, why等表疑問(wèn)時(shí),不能按正常語(yǔ)序安排,經(jīng)常將這類(lèi)引導(dǎo)詞置于句首。例如:

  Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?

  你認(rèn)為今年公眾會(huì)選誰(shuí)為他們最喜歡的歌手。

  3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could/would用于 “請(qǐng)求”,表示委婉、客氣的語(yǔ)氣時(shí),從句不受主句的約束。 例如:

  Could/Would you tell me when we will visit the Summer Palace?

  why I failed the exam.

  where we should have dinner.

  which book is the best one.

  if (whether) I have passed the exam.

  (實(shí)習(xí)小編:玉琳)

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