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2021考研英語(yǔ):語(yǔ)法長(zhǎng)難句之定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句

  摘要:今天帶來(lái)的是定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容,語(yǔ)法很重要,大家要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí),打好考研英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)。記得收藏起來(lái)哦~

  第一部分:定語(yǔ)從句

  一、理論常識(shí)

  在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ),修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句。

  結(jié)構(gòu):先行詞+關(guān)系詞(分為關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞)+從句

  關(guān)系代詞(that , who , which , whose , as)

  關(guān)系副詞(when , where , why , how)

  定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句及非限制定語(yǔ)從句,限定從直接放在先行詞后,非限定從與先行詞之間要加逗號(hào)。

  二、試題舉例

  例句1:

  The Aswan Dam , for example , stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity .

  【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】deprive sb. of sth. 剝奪某人某物;silt,n. 淤泥 v. (使)淤塞

  【參考翻譯】例如,阿斯旺大壩阻止了尼羅河的洪水侵襲,但是也奪去了埃及的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥---這一切換來(lái)的卻是一個(gè)巨大的病態(tài)的水庫(kù),這個(gè)水庫(kù)積滿了淤泥,以至于幾乎不能發(fā)電了。

  例句2:

  The second , by Joshua Greenberge , takes a more empirical approach to universality , identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages , which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints . (2012,49)

  【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】empirical,adj. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的;result from 由……造成;cognitive,adj. 認(rèn)知的

  【參考翻譯】第二個(gè)為此做出努力的人是約書亞·格林伯格,他采用經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的方法來(lái)研究普遍性,確認(rèn)多種語(yǔ)言(尤其是語(yǔ)序方面的)共同特征,這些特征被認(rèn)為是體現(xiàn)了由于認(rèn)知局限性而帶來(lái)的偏見。

  例句3:

  His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision . (2006,47)

  【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】analogous,adj. 類似的;reveal,vt. 揭露;reason,n. 理由 v. 推論

  【參考翻譯】他的職責(zé)類似于法官的職責(zé),后者必須承擔(dān)起這樣的責(zé)任:用盡可能明顯的方式來(lái)揭示讓他做出決定的推理過(guò)程。

  第二部分:狀語(yǔ)從句

  一、理論常識(shí)

  狀語(yǔ)從句,屬于副詞性從句,簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)就是從句在句子中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ),分為時(shí)間、目的、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、讓步、比較、結(jié)果、原因9種狀語(yǔ)從句。

  時(shí)間引導(dǎo)詞:

  when , after , before , while , until , till , since , as soon as , everytime , the moment等

  地點(diǎn)引導(dǎo)詞:where , wherever等

  原因引導(dǎo)詞:because , since=now that , as等

  條件引導(dǎo)詞:

  if , whether , unless , as long as ,on condition that , providing that等

  結(jié)果引導(dǎo)詞:so / such ... that , so等

  目的引導(dǎo)詞:in order that , so that等

  讓步引導(dǎo)詞:

  though , although , however , whatever=no matter what even if , even though , as (倒裝) 等

  方式引導(dǎo)詞:as , as if等

  比較引導(dǎo)詞:

  than , as ... as , the more ... , the more ... 等

  二、試題舉例

  例句1:

  While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role , informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development .

  【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】transmit,vt. 傳輸、傳播 vi. 傳輸、發(fā)射信號(hào);(in)formal,adj. (非)正式的

  【參考翻譯】盡管正式的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程是由挑選出來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)此角色的教師來(lái)進(jìn)行的,非正式的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程卻是作為孩子成長(zhǎng)的自然一部分而完成的。

  例句2:

  While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others , and thus lead to conflict , it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable , although competition is .

  【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】territory,n. 領(lǐng)土、版圖;expense,n. 代價(jià)、損失 vt. 向……收取費(fèi)用;inevitable,adj. 不可避免的

  【參考翻譯】雖然這種競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)引發(fā)以他人利益為代價(jià)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張行動(dòng),因此也會(huì)引發(fā)沖突,但卻不能認(rèn)為類似于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的國(guó)家間的沖突不可避免,盡管競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是不可避免的。

  例句3:

  While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed , this need not always be the case .

  【重點(diǎn)詞匯解析】favor,vt. 喜歡、贊成 n. 喜愛

  【參考翻譯】盡管迄今為止互聯(lián)網(wǎng)似乎更加青睞國(guó)際社會(huì)中的發(fā)達(dá)領(lǐng)域,而非不太發(fā)達(dá)的領(lǐng)域,情形并不總是如此。

 

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