考研英語(yǔ)：8月4日《經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》選讀

　　摘要：一直以來(lái)，我們?yōu)榇蠹曳窒淼摹督?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人》雙語(yǔ)版廣受好評(píng)，今天小編整理了8月4號(hào)的最新文章，利用空閑時(shí)間輕松一下吧。

　　Eastern Ukraine

　　烏克蘭東部

　　Fighting on

　　堅(jiān)持戰(zhàn)斗

　　As the battle continues and the death toll mounts, the West imposes more sanctions.

　　戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)，傷亡增多，西方國(guó)家加強(qiáng)制裁。

　　THE two presidents could not have offered a greater contrast. Announcing new sanctions against Russia on July 16th, America's Barack Obama read a prepared statement and took no questions. Minutes later, Russia's Vladimir Putin staged an off-the-cuff press conference in Brazil to assail the sanctions' legitimacy. He let emotion take hold, reaching a crescendo during a riff about the “tears of mothers, widows and orphans” in Ukraine.

　　兩位總統(tǒng)都無(wú)法達(dá)成更好的協(xié)議。7月16日美國(guó)總統(tǒng)巴拉克·奧巴馬宣讀了準(zhǔn)備好了的聲明，宣布對(duì)俄羅斯的新制裁并不回應(yīng)任何問(wèn)題。幾分鐘之后，俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾·普京在巴西舉行了即席記者招待會(huì)來(lái)質(zhì)疑制裁的合法性。他在說(shuō)到烏克蘭“母親、遺孀和孤兒的眼淚”等反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的字節(jié)時(shí)被情緒影響，音量逐漸加強(qiáng)。

　　The new sanctions come at a crucial juncture in Ukraine's war. The death toll, both civilian and military, is rising as the fighting creeps into Donetsk and Luhansk, eastern Ukraine's two biggest cities. Russia has not stopped its support for rebel forces, and has even ramped up equipment transfers following the fall of rebel-held Sloviansk two weeks ago. Kiev has implicated Moscow in the recent downing of two Ukrainian military aircraft. After an air strike demolished an apartment block in the city of Snizhne on July 15th, Ukrainian officials called it a Russian provocation, saying none of their planes took off that day. That would imply Russia sending a jet more than 20 kilometres (12 miles) across the border to bomb a residential neighbourhood and poison opinion against Kiev, a cynical notion even for Mr Putin. But to blame Ukraine is to accept that the country's armed forces are dangerously incompetent or stunningly cruel. Neither version suggests the conflict will abate soon.

　　新的制裁正好出現(xiàn)在烏克蘭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)上。平民和軍方的死亡總?cè)藬?shù)因?yàn)闉蹩颂m東部?jī)蓚€(gè)最大的城市頓涅茨克和盧漢斯克戰(zhàn)火蔓延而不斷增加。俄羅斯并沒(méi)有停止對(duì)烏克蘭叛軍的支持，甚至在兩周前叛軍控制的斯洛伐克淪陷后，將轉(zhuǎn)讓的裝備提升了。基輔因最近兩家烏克蘭軍用飛機(jī)的墜毀與莫斯科糾纏不清。在7月15日一架飛機(jī)撞毀了一棟位于斯尼日內(nèi)的公寓樓后，烏克蘭官方稱之為俄羅斯的挑釁，并稱烏克蘭的飛機(jī)在那天均沒(méi)有起飛。這就意味著俄羅斯派遣了一架飛機(jī)越過(guò)邊境線至少20千米（約合12里），向鄰國(guó)住宅區(qū)投放炮彈，并且刻意抹黑基輔，這即使對(duì)普京來(lái)講也過(guò)于憤世嫉俗。但是怪罪烏克蘭就是承認(rèn)這個(gè)國(guó)家的武裝力量過(guò)于不稱職或者驚人的殘忍。不論是哪個(gè)版本的說(shuō)法都表明矛盾不會(huì)很快結(jié)束。

　　The main targets of the new sanctions are two prominent banks (Vneshekonombank and Gazprombank ) and two energy firms (Novatek and Rosneft). The sanctions do not yet cut the companies off from international business or block their assets. Instead, they restrict access to American debt and equity markets, barring loans of more than 90 days' maturity. Eight defence firms, a few individuals and a Crimean shipping firm face more traditional asset freezes. The European Union has promised to follow suit, with the names of “entities and persons” affected to be released shortly.

　　新制裁的主要目標(biāo)是兩個(gè)主要的銀行（Vneshekonombank和 Gazprombank）和兩個(gè)能源公司（Novatek和Rosneft）。但制裁并沒(méi)有切斷這些公司與國(guó)際商務(wù)的關(guān)系，也沒(méi)有凍結(jié)它們的資產(chǎn)。相反，它們只是限制進(jìn)入美國(guó)債券和股票市場(chǎng)，禁止借貸超過(guò)90天的貸款。八家防務(wù)公司，少數(shù)個(gè)體公司和一家克里米亞半島的船運(yùn)公司面臨著更加傳統(tǒng)的資產(chǎn)凍結(jié)問(wèn)題。歐盟承諾也會(huì)跟著美國(guó)做，取名為“實(shí)體與個(gè)人”并且會(huì)很快產(chǎn)生影響。

　　The sanctions' effect will depend on whether Mr Putin finds that another blow to his country's wobbly economy hurts more than one to his pride. So far he has bridled, saying the decision would have a “boomerang effect” and that American-Russian relations were being driven to a “dead end”. In any case the fighting in eastern Ukraine has taken on a momentum beyond his control. Kiev's “anti-terrorist operation” is alienating locals. Since the fighting began three months ago, 478 civilians killed, and 1,392 have been wounded. The anger on the ground may be creating conditions for what Alexander Golts, an independent Moscow-based defence analyst, calls “a long partisan war”.

　　制裁的效果取決于普京能否對(duì)俄羅斯搖搖欲墜的經(jīng)濟(jì)傷害甚于對(duì)他本人驕傲的打擊。到目前為止他對(duì)此表示不屑一顧，并稱決議將會(huì)產(chǎn)生“回旋效果”，并且美俄關(guān)系將會(huì)進(jìn)入“死胡同”。無(wú)論如何烏克蘭東部的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)已經(jīng)超出它的控制范圍了?；o的“反恐作戰(zhàn)”正使當(dāng)?shù)厝耸柽h(yuǎn)。自從3個(gè)月前戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)開(kāi)始，478名平民死亡，1392名平民受傷?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)的憤怒可能會(huì)將情形變?yōu)槟箍茋?guó)防分析師亞歷山大·高斯所說(shuō)的“長(zhǎng)期黨派戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”。

　　The rebels' attitude is “victory or death”. At one militia's base on the edge of Donetsk, where shelling has ravaged residential areas, three weary soldiers take cover in a bomb shelter. “People don't fully comprehend what is happening,” says one, referring to stunned locals who peek out of their windows when they hear the sounds of battle. He might have been speaking of the outside world. At another base, away from the fighting, few think it will stop soon. “It's not fucked up,” says Maksim, giving a soldier's assessment. “It's completely fucked up.” A brawny ex-paratrooper, he once served in the same Ukrainian army he now fights against. He promises to stand till the end.

　　叛軍的態(tài)度是“不成功便成仁”。在一個(gè)民兵組織駐扎的頓涅茨克的邊境，那里的炮擊已經(jīng)摧毀了居民區(qū)，3名疲憊不堪的士兵躲在一個(gè)防空洞里。“人們并不能完全明白繁盛了什么。”一名士兵說(shuō)道，指的是震驚的當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽诼?tīng)到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的聲音時(shí)還透過(guò)窗子偷看。他或許一直都在說(shuō)外面的世界。在另一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)離戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的基地中，幾乎沒(méi)人認(rèn)為這會(huì)很快結(jié)束。“這還沒(méi)到一團(tuán)糟的地步。”馬克西姆在給一位士兵做評(píng)估時(shí)說(shuō)。“這已經(jīng)是一團(tuán)糟了。”一位強(qiáng)壯的前任傘兵說(shuō)，他曾服役于他現(xiàn)在攻擊的同一支烏克蘭軍隊(duì)。他保證不到最后一刻絕不倒下。

　　1、death toll n.死亡人數(shù)

　　例句：The death toll has risen to 200.

　　死亡人數(shù)已上升到兩百人。

　　2、creep into 爬進(jìn)；開(kāi)始發(fā)生于

　　例句：Parkman occasionally allows a supercilious tone to creep into his writings.

　　帕克曼間或在文章里流露出高傲的態(tài)度。

　　3、ramp up 加強(qiáng)，加大

　　例句：That driver drove the car up the ramp.

　　那司機(jī)將車開(kāi)上了斜坡。

　　4、take off 起飛；脫下

　　例句:There were also several accidents mainly caused by engine failures on take-off.

　　還有幾次事故主要是起飛時(shí)引擎出現(xiàn)故障造成的。