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英語(yǔ)作文強(qiáng)化攻略:如何突破模板窘境?


  ?附錄:具體對(duì)策(添入上段省略號(hào)部分)

  corresponding laws and regulations

  相應(yīng)的法律和法規(guī)

  official intervention

  官方干預(yù)

  intervention from business administration department

  工商管理部門的干預(yù)

  intervention from civil administration department

  民政部門的干預(yù)

  intervention from environment groups

  環(huán)保部門的干預(yù)

  penalties and fines

  處罰和罰款

  confiscate one’s illegal gains

  沒收非法所得

  supervision and exposure from the mass media

  媒體監(jiān)督和曝光

  new social norms should be set up

  建立新的社會(huì)規(guī)范

  disciplines and school regulation

  校紀(jì)校規(guī)

  directions and intervention from school authorities

  校方的引導(dǎo)和干預(yù)

  self-control

  自我控制

  self-regulation

  自我管束

  self-discipline

  自律

  take an active part in the campaign of …

  積極參與……運(yùn)動(dòng)

  take part in social / community / campus activities of …

  參與社會(huì)/社區(qū)/校園的……活動(dòng)

  the awareness that … should be provoked by media, schools, or families

  媒體、學(xué)校和家庭應(yīng)該讓人們清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)到……

  the right attitude to … should be nurtured by ….

  培養(yǎng)人們對(duì)……正確的態(tài)度

  ?圖表作文素材(適用于英語(yǔ)二)

  第一段,描述圖表

  1.常用辭令有:

  表達(dá)“緩慢”或“逐漸”的常見副詞有slowly, steadily, gradually, slightly, insignificantly, gently, moderately, marginally等;詞組有in a moderate way, step by step等。

  表達(dá)“上升”或“下降”的動(dòng)詞有rise, increase, ascend, accumulate, drop, decrease, descend, shrink等。

  表達(dá)“急劇”或“大幅”的副詞有rapidly, greatly, suddenly, quickly, obviously, considerably, sharply, steeply, dramatically, enormously, incredibly, amazingly等;詞組有by leaps and bounds, by a wide margin, by a massive leap等。

  表達(dá)“上升”或“下降”的動(dòng)詞在上文已經(jīng)列出。

  還有一些動(dòng)詞,不需要任何修飾就可以表達(dá)急劇飆升,如shoot, soar, leap, skyrocket;

  同樣,一些動(dòng)詞,不需任何修飾就可以表達(dá)迅速下降,如collapse, nose-dive, plunge.

  表示“達(dá)到峰值”的表達(dá)有touch the top, reach the peak等;

  表示“保持穩(wěn)定”的表達(dá)有remain constant, stay unchanged等。

  表達(dá)小幅或劇烈波動(dòng)的表達(dá)有fluctuate moderately, fluctuate violently等。

  2.常用句式

  第一段:描述圖表句式:

  From the chart, it can be inferred / estimated that ….

  從圖中我們可以推導(dǎo)/估測(cè)出……

  As is illustrated / demonstrated / exhibited / manifested in the chart, ……

  如這幅圖表所示,……

  The chart reveals / unveils a noticeable trend in current China that ……

  本圖為我們揭示了中國(guó)當(dāng)前一個(gè)引人注目的趨勢(shì), 即……

  The above chart clearly mirrors / echoes a noticeable trend that ……

  上圖清晰的反映出一個(gè)趨勢(shì),即……

  Emerging from the chart is a noticeable trend that ……

  圖中涌現(xiàn)出一個(gè)趨勢(shì),即……

  Have you ever anticipated the prospects of …… in the coming decade? Let us just have a look at the figures of …… as listed in the chart above.

  您是否想過(guò)未來(lái)十年……的前景呢?我們來(lái)看看上面的這幅圖吧,這幅圖列出了有關(guān)……的詳盡數(shù)據(jù)。

  第二段:原因分析句式

  This kind of phenomenon is not entirely a coincidence. There are several factors behind this trend. First things first, …. Apart from this, …. Last but not least, ….

  這種現(xiàn)象絕非偶然,本趨勢(shì)背后定有原因。首先……。其次……。再次……。

  The trend in … seems to have been triggered by the following factors. To begin with, …. Apart from this, …. Last but not least, ….

  看起來(lái),……趨勢(shì)是由以下因素引發(fā)的。首先……。其次……。再次……。

  The trend in …… can be attributed to several factors, of which the following one are not to be ignored. …..

  我們可將……趨勢(shì)歸因于若干因素,而下面的一個(gè)因素絕不容忽視。

  It is traditionally accepted that …can account for this trend, but that is not the key point. A deeper insight into this matter would reveal that what really counts is ….

  人們總是認(rèn)為……是本趨勢(shì)的原因,但這不是要點(diǎn)。深入洞察這個(gè)問題,我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)……才是真正原因。

  第三段:觀點(diǎn)建議句式

  Neither the advantage nor the disadvantage of … should escape our attention. On one hand, … On the other hand, … Therefore, we must have a right attitude toward…

  我們既不能忽視……的優(yōu)點(diǎn),也不能忽視其缺點(diǎn)。一方面,……。另一方面,……。因此,我們必須對(duì)……有正確的態(tài)度。

  Considering the seriousness of the … problem, it is high time that we take effective measures to put an end to it. For the authorities, …should …. For the general public, …should …. I am confident that with the combination of these two methods we can eventually draw this problem to an end.

  考慮到……問題的嚴(yán)重性,我們必須采取斷然措施做一了斷。對(duì)當(dāng)局而言,應(yīng)該……。對(duì)大眾而言,應(yīng)該……。這兩項(xiàng)舉措聯(lián)合實(shí)施,畢竟終結(jié)這個(gè)不良的局面。

  3.如何學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用:當(dāng)我在一個(gè)段落中舉到多個(gè)例子的時(shí)候,你把他上下比較一下,看看哪些句子是上下有共性,共性部分就是你的套路,非共性部分就是你的原創(chuàng)。

  第一段

  三種情況:數(shù)據(jù)的“變化”、“分布”和“關(guān)系”

  1.數(shù)據(jù)變化 Change / Trend / Tendency

  Emerging from the line chart is a noticeable trend that immigrant workers in mounting numbers have been swarming into X city to bring home the bacon. As is illustrated, the first five years had witnessed a moderate increase in the immigrant population, which was followed by a dramatic rise of the following five years.

  譯文:曲線圖中反映出的是一個(gè)引人注目的趨勢(shì):越來(lái)越多的外來(lái)務(wù)工人員涌進(jìn)X城市來(lái)謀生。如圖所示,前五年里,外來(lái)務(wù)工人員人數(shù)略增,隨后的五年里,這個(gè)數(shù)字出現(xiàn)了急劇的增長(zhǎng)。

  Emerging from the line chart is a noticeable trend that the proportion of online education subscribers has been on the rise. As is illustrated, the past three years has witnessed a moderate increase in the American subscribers, from approximately 33% to 36%, which was accompanied by a dramatic rise of the Chinese one, by about 15%.

  譯文:曲線圖中反映出的是一個(gè)引人注目的趨勢(shì),在線教育用戶的數(shù)量在不斷增長(zhǎng)。如圖所示,過(guò)去的三年里,美國(guó)在線教育用戶比例略漲,從33%增至36%;其間,中國(guó)的在線用戶增幅顯著,增幅高達(dá)15%。

  2.數(shù)據(jù)分布 Distribution

  極值(最小、最大、倍數(shù))

  The circular diagram demonstrates us the general information about the proportions of sub-healthy people of different ages among their peers. Comparatively, sub-healthy people in twenties account for the least part of their peers, only 4%. However, those mid-age and retiring sub-healthy individuals are the most striking fractions of their groups, 58% and 43% respectively.

  譯文:這個(gè)環(huán)形圖呈現(xiàn)給我們的是有關(guān)不同年齡群體中亞健康比例的綜合信息。相對(duì)而言,青年人群眾亞健康比例最低,僅為4%。然而,中年群體及退休前人群中亞健康比例最大,分別謂58%和43%。

  The pie chart demonstrates us the general information about the expenditures during spring festival.Comparatively, money spent on traffic accounts for the least part of the expenses, only 20%.However, cash poured into gift market is the most striking fraction of the festival expenditure, 40% approximately.

  譯文:這個(gè)餅狀圖呈現(xiàn)給我們的,是春節(jié)期間人們的消費(fèi)分布狀況。相比而言,交通方面的支出所占比例最小,僅為20%。然而,禮品花費(fèi)在春節(jié)消費(fèi)中所占比例驚人,約為40%。

  3.數(shù)據(jù)關(guān)系 CorrelationThis line chart demonstrates us a positive correlation between the index of happiness and the educational background. Among those with postgraduate education, the indexshoots 4.32, while among those who merely experienced primary schools the value of happinessstays low, only 3.17.

  譯文:這幅曲線圖呈獻(xiàn)給我們的是幸福指數(shù)和教育程度之間的正相關(guān)關(guān)系。在擁有研究生學(xué)歷的人群中,幸福指數(shù)高達(dá)4.32;而在那些僅有小學(xué)教育水平的人群中,幸福指數(shù)低至3.17。

  第二段:原因或影響

  原因: 1. 次要原因(外在、他人、客觀、物質(zhì)) a. 消費(fèi)品普及:lower price / higher income / improved living standard / easy access

  譯文:價(jià)格低廉 | 收入增長(zhǎng) | 生活水平提升 | 容易購(gòu)得

  b. 某消費(fèi)降低:the development of public facilities / advanced public transportation system 譯文:公共設(shè)施的提升 | 先進(jìn)的公共(交通或其他)系統(tǒng)

  c. 某消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng):the increase of demand leads to the price rise of … / merchant speculation or hype

  譯文:需求的增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致了……價(jià)格的增長(zhǎng) | 商業(yè)投機(jī)或炒作

  d. 擇業(yè)與定居:better employment / better paid job / better medical care

  譯文:更好的就業(yè) | 薪酬更高的工作 | 更好的醫(yī)療資源

  e. 生活與健康:living and working pressure / financial burden (mortgage, child-rearing, parent caring)

  譯文:生活和工作的壓力 | 經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力(按揭、撫養(yǎng)子女、贍養(yǎng)老人)

  2. 主要原因(內(nèi)在、自身、主觀、精神) a. 消費(fèi)品普及:intrinsic value: convenient / time-saving / choices / functions

  譯文:內(nèi)在價(jià)值:便利 | 節(jié)約時(shí)間 | 更多的選擇 | 更多的功能

  b. 某消費(fèi)降低:people’s awareness of environmental protection / green-commuting, bicycles, walk

  譯文:人們的環(huán)保意識(shí) | 綠色出行 | 單車出行 | 步行

  c. 某消費(fèi)增長(zhǎng):… is highly valued by the public / people’s tendency to show off

  譯文:……得到人們高度的認(rèn)可 | 人們的炫耀心理

  d. 擇業(yè)與定居:better educational resources / broader view of the world

  譯文:更好的教育資源 | 更開闊的眼界來(lái)審視世界

  e. 生活與健康:living style (balanced diet, workout, relaxation, hobby, rest, social contact)

  譯文:生活方式(飲食平衡、運(yùn)動(dòng)健身、休閑娛樂、興趣愛好、休養(yǎng)生息、社交活動(dòng))

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