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2020考研英語:精華詞匯詳細辨析(三)

  21、alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline

  這一組動詞都有"減少,減輕"的意思。

  alleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕,緩和

  The painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼藥減緩了疼痛。

  diminish v.指因為不斷消耗,在數(shù)量方面緩慢減少,也指在素質(zhì)或者價值的下降。

  The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由于戰(zhàn)爭石油的供應減少了。

  reduce v.指人為地使某物在數(shù)量或重量方面的減少或降低。

  He reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。

  decrease v.指數(shù)量上的減少;力量或者強度的減弱。

  The population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數(shù)量急劇下降。

  decline v. (數(shù)目、價格、比率)下降;謝絕,婉言推辭;衰退,衰落。

  Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。

  He declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。

  22、allocate, separate, detach, divide

  都有"分開"的意思。

  allocate v.分配,把……撥給。

  The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的預算中給學校和警察部門分配了資金。

  separate v.人為地分開,使隔離開。

  We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。

  detach v.拆開組合的物體;遠離,疏遠。

  We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從墻上拆下來。

  divide v.指將整體分為若干個部分。

  The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.這家特大公司分成一些較小的公司。

  23、ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim "模糊"

  ambiguous a.意義含糊的,有歧義的,指因字、詞、句有歧義而使人感到模糊不清、難以理解和把握。

  His ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱兩可的指導使我們很迷惑以至于我們不知道該走哪條路了。

  obscure a.用于表達因光線不足而使人看不清楚。該詞的引申意義可以表示語法、文字、記憶等因復雜、深奧、模棱兩可而使人看不懂和無法理解。

  The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾茲拉·龐德的詩有時候難以理解,因為詩歌中含有許多令人費解的典故。

  vague a.含混的,不清楚的,多用于比喻意義,用來表示因邏輯關系不清、言辭籠統(tǒng)而導致的意義不清楚,該詞也可表示輪廓形狀的不清楚和模糊。

  He has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什么,但沒有具體的計劃。

  unclear a.指句意、字跡不清楚,使人難以看懂;不肯定的。

  Unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字跡使人難以辨認。

  It is unclear whether the economy will get better.經(jīng)濟是否好轉仍不明朗。

  dim a.光線暗淡的,看不清的;記憶力模糊的;不大可能的。

  Don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光線下工作。

  His changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康復的可能性十分渺茫。

  24、amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand

  amplify v.擴大,增加,尤其指通過增強電壓或電流使聲音擴大;補充敘述(故事、事件等)。

  We must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請你對你的說法作進一步的說明。

  enlarge v.擴大,多指具體物品如相片的放大。

  enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house擴建房屋

  stretch v. (有彈性地)伸展,延伸,并有可能超過限度;伸長、伸出(身體某部位)并繃緊肌肉(尤指在放松后或為了夠著某物)。

  The pullover stretched after I had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之后就撐大了。

  Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早間工作之后,職員們站到桌子后面伸伸懶腰。

  magnify v.放大,指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。

  His eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他借助眼睛把字放大以便能夠閱讀。

  reinforce v.增援,加固。

  expand v.指范圍、體積的擴大、增大,也可以指內(nèi)容細節(jié)的充實。

  The balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹,然后就爆破了。

  25、anger, fury, indignation, resentment"憤怒、生氣"

  anger n.氣憤,生氣,是一般用語。

  After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭吵之后,他一拳打在那個人的臉上以發(fā)泄怒氣。

  fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度較anger要強。

  indignation n.義憤,尤其指出于道義上的激憤。

  general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價突然猛增激起的公憤

  resentment n.憤恨,怨恨,不滿,是正式用語,尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害后而產(chǎn)生的憤慨。

  There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低后,辦公室里怨聲載道。

  26、apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct

  這一組形容詞都有"明顯的"之意。

  apparent a.明顯的,顯而易見的,尤指容易觀察或認識到的事物。

  He is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高興,顯然他現(xiàn)在想走了。

  evident a.明白的,明顯的,與apparent基本同意,多用于推理或由事實證明的事物。

  It is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.顯然他是有罪的,在犯罪現(xiàn)場發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的指紋。

  manifest a.清楚的,明顯的,多指根據(jù)外部特征或跡象便能看出或了解其意義,常作表語。

  Her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出眾,但長相并不動人。

  obvious a.明顯的,顯而易見的,含有無可辯白,不需證明之意。

  It is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很顯然,那個婦女酒喝的太多了。

  distinct a.清楚的,明顯的;不同的,獨特的。修飾性質(zhì)明顯不同的東西。

  Medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治療已使他的健康有了明顯的好轉。

  27、applaud, clap, commend, praise

  applaud v.鼓掌,贊揚,指因精湛表演或某種行為得到別人的贊許,大聲叫好或熱烈鼓掌。

  The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.老板表揚了我的工作,對我的努力表示贊許。

  clap v.拍打,其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能說applaud one's hands。clap sb.為某人鼓掌,clap sth.拍打某物

  commend v.為正式用詞,用于對具體功績或成就表示嘉獎,通常指上級對下級、長輩對晚輩的贊賞。

  The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.老師表揚學生們的考試成績優(yōu)異。

  praise v.為一般用詞,用于對某人的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)表示欽佩羨慕;贊頌,贊美。

  A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.一位主管稱贊這位員工的工作做得不錯。

  Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.墜機事件的幸存者贊頌上帝使他們得救。

  28、area, district, region, vicinity, zone有"區(qū)域"的意思。

  area n.泛指面積較大的地區(qū);面積;專業(yè)領域。

  The New York area has high rents.紐約地區(qū)房租很高。

  district n.行政區(qū)劃的小范圍地區(qū)。如Xicheng district西城區(qū)

  region n.行政區(qū)劃上更大的地區(qū),如"自治區(qū)";身體部位。

  The northeast region of the USA includes New York and the six New England states.美國東北部包括紐約和新英格蘭地區(qū)的那六個州。

  vicinity n.周圍地區(qū),附近地區(qū)。

  The police were alerted that the escaped criminal might be in the vicinity.警察都十分警惕因為逃跑的罪犯就藏在附近地區(qū)。

  zone n.指特定的地方、地帶。

  The city passed a law to create a business zone on some empty land.市政府通過法律,在一些空地上開辟商業(yè)區(qū)。

  29、assembly, conference, congress, rally, seminar, session, summit, symposium都表示"會議"的意思。

  assembly n.集合,集會。

  The assembly of students takes place in the auditorium.學生們在大禮堂舉行集會。

  conference n. (專門性的)會議,討論會。

  The conference on international economic problems met in Geneva.關于世界經(jīng)濟問題的會議在日內(nèi)瓦召開。

  congress n.代表大會,(美國的)國會。

  Congress passes laws that must be obeyed by the people.美國國會通過的法律,人民一定要遵守。

  rally n. (鼓舞士氣的)集會;群眾性集會。

  The football coach called a rally to build up the team's excitement for the next game.足球教練召開了一個動員會,以便鼓舞士氣打好下次比賽。

  seminar n. (大學的)研究班,研討會。

  During summer vacations some teachers attend seminars at college.暑假里,一些教師在學院里參加研究班。

  session n. (一屆)會議,回合。

  the autumn session of Parliament議會的秋季會議

  summit n.最高級會議,峰會(通常為領導人參加)。

  Next year, the summit will be held in Vienna.明年將在維也納舉行最高級會談。

  symposium n. (學術、科研方面的)座談會,專題報告會。

  The symposium on SARS research lasted two days.非典型性肺炎研究的研討會持續(xù)了兩天。

  30、assessment, estimate, evaluation有"評估"的意思。

  assessment n.評估,估價,常常表示對于財產(chǎn)、價值的評估。

  We have a low assessment on our property.我們對我們的資產(chǎn)評估很低。

  estimate n.估計,強調(diào)進行評估得出的結果,常與give搭配。

  The mechanic gave me a rough estimate of two or three hundred dollars for the repairs to my car.機械師給我的汽車修理費的粗略估計是200或300美元。

  evaluation n. (對于能力,價值、工作業(yè)績的)評價,估價,常帶有肯定的、正確的含義。

  He gave a positive evaluation of our scientific research.他對于我們的科學研究給予了積極的評價。

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