考研英語(yǔ)時(shí)文賞讀（79）：自動(dòng)化或?qū)⒔o就業(yè)帶來(lái)巨大沖擊

　　摘要：考研英語(yǔ)作為一門(mén)考研公共課，雖然大家都學(xué)了英語(yǔ)十幾年，卻仍經(jīng)常有總分過(guò)線(xiàn)掛在英語(yǔ)上的情況，因此英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)不單單是單詞、做題。閱讀作為考研英語(yǔ)的大頭，僅僅做考研真題或許沒(méi)法滿(mǎn)足你的閱讀量，因此幫幫之后會(huì)不定時(shí)推出一篇英文美文，這些文章都與考研英語(yǔ)閱讀同源，多讀必有好處。

　　Within many workers’ lifetimes, jobs will be radically altered by automation. And, according to one of the world’s biggest international coalitions, it’s time to develop a plan B.

　　不少工人將會(huì)眼睜睜的看著自己的工作為自動(dòng)化所取代。而且世界上最大的一個(gè)國(guó)際聯(lián)合組織表示，現(xiàn)在是時(shí)候開(kāi)啟B計(jì)劃了。

　　A recent employment outlook from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a coalition consisting of 36 countries across the world, said that within the next two decades half of all jobs will be substantially transformed by technology.

　　作為一個(gè)包含36個(gè)成員國(guó)的國(guó)際聯(lián)合組織，經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織（OECD）最近發(fā)布了一份就業(yè)前景預(yù)測(cè)報(bào)告，報(bào)告里表示在接下來(lái)的20年里，一半的工作將會(huì)因?yàn)榭萍嫉陌l(fā)展而發(fā)生巨變。

　　In some cases, that will mean workers losing their jobs outright -- the OECD estimates 14 percent of jobs will be completely automated in the next two decades -- while others, 32 percent of jobs, will be vastly different from what they look like now.

　　在某種情況下這就意味著有些工人會(huì)直接面臨失業(yè)——OECD預(yù)測(cè)14%的工種在接下來(lái)的20年里完全實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)化——而另外還有32%的工作則會(huì)面臨轉(zhuǎn)型，跟現(xiàn)在的模式相去甚遠(yuǎn)。

　　Whether jobs are transformed or lost completely to the advance of technology, the OECD says one question rises above all others: are we ready?

　　不管科技的發(fā)展帶來(lái)的是工作的轉(zhuǎn)型還是該工種的徹底消失，OECD表示目前最重要的問(wèn)題是：我們準(zhǔn)備好了嗎？

　　“The OECD Employment Outlook does not envisage a jobless future. But it does foresee major challenges for the future of work,”said OECD Secretary-General Angel Gurría, in a statement.

　　OECD秘書(shū)長(zhǎng)安吉拉·古里亞在一次發(fā)言中談到：“這份就業(yè)前景報(bào)告并不是設(shè)想了一個(gè)不存在任何工作的未來(lái)。只是預(yù)測(cè)了未來(lái)工作將會(huì)面臨重大挑戰(zhàn)。”

　　While many jobs will be changed or eliminated, the OECD says that the shift won’t necessarily equate to less overall jobs for workers. With new and improved technology, also comes new and skilled jobs.

　　OECD還表示盡管不少工作會(huì)發(fā)生變化或消失，但是這種轉(zhuǎn)變不一定就意味著以后工人的工作選擇越來(lái)越少。隨著科技的不斷進(jìn)步和新科技的不斷涌現(xiàn)，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)一批新的工作崗位。

　　Automation may even create jobs in the short term, say some analysts. The problem, says the organization, is ensuring that current workers are equipped to transition into those jobs now and in the future.

　　一些分析人員解釋?zhuān)瑥亩虝r(shí)間來(lái)看自動(dòng)化甚至?xí)?chuàng)造工作崗位。OECD認(rèn)為問(wèn)題在于確?，F(xiàn)在的工人能夠具備應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)工作轉(zhuǎn)型的素質(zhì)和技能。

　　To ensure that workers eclipsed by robots and other technology can pivot into a new career, the OECD says that a robust adult training program is critical. That may involve not only training older workers but also removing the financial burdens of their endeavors through subsidies.

　　為了確保那些被機(jī)器人和其他科技取而代之的工人能夠順利轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)入新的工作崗位，OECD表示進(jìn)行強(qiáng)健有效的成人培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目非常重要。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目不僅涉及到對(duì)成人員工進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，還要減輕他們補(bǔ)貼方面的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。

　　In some cases, to ease the economic impact of mass automation, forward-thinking policy makers and recently, one U.S. presidential hopeful, has proposed what is known as a Universal Basic Income -- government provided income given to all citizens regardless of circumstance.

　　為了緩解自動(dòng)化遍地生花帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力，最近一位具有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的美國(guó)總統(tǒng)候選人在競(jìng)選時(shí)提出了“普遍基本收入”——那就是不管什么情況，政府都會(huì)保障每位公民基本的補(bǔ)貼收入。

　　This money, say proponents, would allow workers to undergo additional training for new jobs and ease unrest in the case of substantial job loss. Opponents say the stipend would just disincentivize work all together. The OECD is clear that nothing is set in stone. Even with a rapidly changing economy and the forward march of technology, all we need is a plan.

　　支持者表示這份基本收入補(bǔ)貼不僅讓失業(yè)者可以參加新工作所需的能力培訓(xùn)，還能緩解他們?cè)谑I(yè)狀態(tài)下的經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力。而反對(duì)者則認(rèn)為這種政策補(bǔ)貼只會(huì)讓大家無(wú)心工作，不求上進(jìn)。OECD表示一切都是未知。不管經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展如何迅速，科技如何進(jìn)步，我們需要的是一個(gè)應(yīng)對(duì)計(jì)劃。

　　“With the right policies, we can manage these challenges. We face significant transformation, but we have the opportunity and the determination to use this moment and build a future of work that benefits everyone,”said Gurria.

　　古里亞說(shuō)道：“只要有一個(gè)正確得當(dāng)?shù)恼哳I(lǐng)導(dǎo)，我們就可以成功克服這些挑戰(zhàn)。我們確實(shí)面臨著重要的轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，但是我們還有機(jī)會(huì)，也有這份決心去利用好這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)型期，建設(shè)一個(gè)造福于所有人的就業(yè)未來(lái)”。

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