考研英語時文賞讀（59）：狒狒移植豬心臟后存活半年，或將很快試用于人體

　　摘要：考研英語作為一門考研公共課，雖然大家都學了英語十幾年，卻仍經常有總分過線掛在英語上的情況，因此英語復習不單單是單詞、做題。閱讀作為考研英語的大頭，僅僅做考研真題或許沒法滿足你的閱讀量，因此幫幫之后會不定時推出一篇英文美文，這些文章都與考研英語閱讀同源，多讀必有好處。

　　The hearts of genetically modified pigs could be transplanted into humans to solve the shortage of organ donors, scientists believe.

　　科學家們認為，轉基因豬的心臟可以移植到人類體內，以解決器官供體短缺的問題。

　　Researchers successfully grafted a pig heart into a baboon more than a year ago and it is still functioning, they report today.

　　一年多前，研究人員成功地將豬心臟移植到狒狒體內，目前心臟仍在正常工作。

　　Until now, organs transplanted into primates have only lasted for a maximum of six months before being rejected.

　　直到現在，移植到靈長類動物身上的器官最多存活六個月就會被排斥。

　　But scientists have tweaked the DNA of pigs so that their hearts are more compatible with primates and humans.

　　但是科學家已經對豬的DNA進行了修改，使它們的心臟與靈長類動物和人類的心臟更匹配。

　　“The developments may instil a new ray of hope for thousands of patients waiting for human donor organs,” said Muhammad Mohiuddin of the Cardiothoracic Surgery Research Programme at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in the US.

　　美國國家心肺血液研究所心胸外科研究項目的醫(yī)生穆罕默德·穆希丁表示：“這些進展可能會為成千上萬等待人類捐贈器官的患者帶來新的希望。”

　　"If successful, this method could change the current transplant paradigm, eliminating the shortage of donor organs including hearts, livers, kidneys, intestine, as well as insulin producing cells for treatment of diabetes."

　　“如果成功，這種方法可能會改變目前的移植模式，緩解包括心臟、肝臟、腎臟、腸以及用于治療糖尿病的胰島素生成細胞在內的供體器官的短缺現狀。”

　　At present people needing a heart transplant must wait until a suitable donor heart becomes available. Last year 145 operations were carried out at seven hospitals in Britain.

　　目前，需要心臟移植的人必須等待合適的供體心臟出現。去年，英國7家醫(yī)院進行了145例手術。

　　However, only eight out of 10 people in the UK receive the transplant they needed because of a lack of suitable donors. Many adults and children are forced to wait more than a year for a new heart.

　　然而，由于缺乏合適的捐贈者，英國只有80%的人接受了移植手術。為了等一個新心臟，許多成年人和兒童不得不等上一年多的時間。

　　Those on waiting lists have to use an artificial heart but these are not perfect and have issues with power supplies, infection, and both clotting and haemolysis, the break down of red blood cells.

　　那些在等候名單上的人不得不使用人工心臟，但人工心臟并不完美，而且存在供電、感染、凝血和溶血（紅細胞分解）等問題。

　　Transplantation using an animal organ, or xenotransplantation, has been proposed as an option to save human lives, but the challenge has been to stop hosts rejecting donor hearts.

　　使用動物器官移植，或異種器官移植，已被提出作為拯救人類生命的一種選擇，但挑戰(zhàn)在于阻止宿主排斥供者的心臟。

　　However researchers found that the pig hearts were alive and functioning well more than year after being grafted in place.

　　然而，研究人員發(fā)現，這些豬的心臟在移植后仍然存活，并且功能良好。

　　Pigs were chosen because their anatomy is compatible with humans and they have a rapid breeding cycle. Pig valves are already swapped for human heart valves.

　　之所以選擇豬，是因為它們的解剖結構與人類相適應，而且再生周期很快。豬的心臟瓣膜已經被替換成了人類的。

　　Critics claim that because the life cycle of pigs is shorter than humans they will need to be replaced. They could also pass on diseases.

　　批評人士稱，由于豬的生命周期比人類短，這些心臟將需要被替換。同時它們也會傳播疾病。

　　But through genetic changes, the scientists have added several human genes to the pig genome as well as removing genes which trigger a dangerous immune response in humans.

　　但是通過基因改造，科學家們在豬的基因組中加入了一些人類基因，同時也移除了那些能引發(fā)人類危險免疫反應的基因。

　　The experiments involved using these genetically engineered pig hearts, transplanted in the abdomen of baboons alongside their actual hearts.

　　實驗中使用的是這些經過基因改造的豬心臟，它們被移植到狒狒的腹腔，與它們自身的心臟放在一起。

　　The study was presented at the 94th American Association for Thoracic Surgery annual meeting in Toronto.

　　這項研究成果在多倫多舉行的第94屆美國胸外科協(xié)會年會上發(fā)表。

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